Wage Garnishment and Bankruptcy in Miami

Florida's head-of-household protection is powerful but requires affirmative assertion -- you must file a claim of exemption within the garnishment proceeding. Many Miami workers fail to claim this protection and lose wages unnecessarily. Bankruptcy's automatic stay stops all garnishment immediately without requiring a separate claim.

This page provides general educational information, not legal advice. Consult a qualified attorney for advice about your specific situation.

Florida Wage Garnishment Law

Florida exempts heads of household from wage garnishment entirely. If you are not head of household, creditors can garnish up to 25% of your disposable earnings or the amount exceeding 30 times the federal minimum wage, whichever is less. Bank accounts are protected up to $1,000 under Fla. Stat. section 222.11, and head-of-household wages deposited into a bank account retain their exempt status.

How Bankruptcy Stops Garnishment

Filing bankruptcy in the S.D. Fla. triggers the automatic stay which immediately stops all wage garnishment.

  • Day 1: You file your petition. The automatic stay takes effect immediately.
  • Day 1-3: Your attorney notifies the garnishing creditor and your employer.
  • Day 3-7: Your employer stops withholding from your paycheck.
  • Discharge: The underlying debt is discharged, eliminating the garnishment permanently.

Recovering Garnished Wages

If wages were garnished within 90 days before filing, those funds may be recoverable as a preference payment under 11 U.S.C. section 547. File bankruptcy as soon as possible after garnishment begins to preserve this option.

Types of Garnishment in Florida

Debt TypeCan Garnish Wages?How Much?
Credit cards / Medical billsYes (with judgment)Up to 25% of disposable earnings
Child supportYesUp to 50-65% of disposable earnings
Federal student loansYesUp to 15% of disposable earnings
Federal tax debt (IRS)YesVaries based on exemptions claimed
State tax debtNo state income taxN/A

Frequently Asked Questions

Can creditors garnish my wages in Florida?

Florida exempts heads of household from wage garnishment entirely. If you are not head of household, creditors can garnish up to 25% of your disposable earnings or the amount exceeding 30 times the federal minimum wage, whichever is less. Bank accounts are protected up to $1,000 under Fla. Stat. section 222.11, and head-of-household wages deposited into a bank account retain their exempt status.

Does bankruptcy stop wage garnishment in Miami?

Yes. Filing bankruptcy in the S.D. Fla. triggers the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. section 362, which immediately stops all wage garnishment.

Can I get back wages that were already garnished?

If wages were garnished within 90 days before filing, they may be recoverable as a preference payment under 11 U.S.C. section 547.

What debts can trigger wage garnishment in Florida?

In Florida, most judgment creditors can garnish wages. Common triggers include credit card judgments, medical debt judgments, and auto deficiency balances.

How much of my wages can be garnished?

Florida exempts heads of household from wage garnishment entirely. If you are not head of household, creditors can garnish up to 25% of your disposable earnings or the amount exceeding 30 times the federal minimum wage, whichever is less. Bank accounts are protected up to $1,000 under Fla. Stat. section 222.11, and head-of-household wages deposited into a bank account retain their exempt status.

What about bank account garnishment?

Florida protects head-of-household wages deposited into bank accounts. Other funds may be subject to levy with a $1,000 exemption.

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